As they start rallying voters for the 2024 presidential election, Joe Biden and Donald Trump agree on one thing: Their latest battle is not just a rematch of the 2020 campaign but also a referendum on the attempted coup of January 6, 2021. The current and former president have both given major speeches casting the events of January 6 as far more urgent than a mere political dispute. Rather, this has become a way of separating out patriots from those willing to forgo the constitutional order.

On January 5 at Valley Forge, Pa., Biden gave a major address that accurately and effectively defined the January 6 insurrection as “a dagger at the throat of American democracy.” Briskly describing Trump’s machinations against democracy, and noting his opponent’s dictatorial aspirations, Biden made a compelling case that “democracy is on the ballot.”

Trump, as is his habit, is responding with a tu quoque argument claiming, falsely, that Biden is the actual threat to democracy and that the incumbent used federal law enforcement to target Trump and his supporters. As The New York Times reports, “Three years after the former president’s supporters stormed the Capitol, Mr. Trump and his campaign are engaged in an audacious and baseless attempt to paint Mr. Biden as the true menace to the nation’s foundational underpinnings. Mr. Trump’s strategy aims to upend a world in which he has publicly called for suspending the Constitution, vowed to turn political opponents into legal targets and suggested that the nation’s top military general should be executed.”

Trump’s demagoguery is shameless—but also regrettably effective in winning over Republicans. As Biden himself ruefully notes, many Republicans and conservatives who were critical of Trump in the immediate wake of January 6 have reconciled themselves to the former president’s dishonest account of the attempted coup. At Valley Forge, Biden recalled:

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When the January 6 attack happened, there was no doubt about the truth. At the time, even Republican members of Congress and Fox News commentators publicly and privately condemned the attack.

As one Republican senator said, “Trump’s behavior was embarrassing and humiliating for the country.” But now, that same senator and those same people have changed their tune.

But this frank acknowledgment that Trump has been able to win back supporters he lost after the January 6 fiasco raises questions about the wisdom of Biden’s decision to make the coup attempt the overriding issue of his campaign. Equally telling is the fact that Biden won’t even name the senator who flip-flopped on this crucial matter—likely out of a futile attempt to retain bipartisan comity. While anxiety about the survival of democracy is pervasive across the political spectrum, there is no consensus among voters as to where the threat to democracy comes from.

According to a Gallup poll conducted last month, only 28 percent of Americans are satisfied with the state of democracy, a record low. But there is a partisan divide on this issue. Republicans are the most dissatisfied, with only 17 percent pleased with the status quo. Conversely, Democrats are more than twice as likely see democracy as working just fine, with 38 percent satisfied. That number is low, but still much higher than among Republicans. These numbers suggest that if the threat of democracy is at the forefront of the campaign, it would benefit Trump more than Biden.

This deep partisan divide on democracy surely blunts the usefulness of the issue for persuading new voters. Instead, both Republicans and Democrats are left with pro-democracy messages as a way to rally their base, who feel that the other side is destroying democracy. Biden admits as much by saying, “And now these MAGA voices who know the truth about Trump on January 6th have abandoned the truth and abandoned democracy. They made their choice. Now the rest of us—Democrats, independents, mainstream Republicans—we have to make our choice.” One can question the decision to call the very small number of anti-Trump Republicans “mainstream Republicans.” Unfortunately, the MAGA crowd are the true mainstream Republicans now.

The residual coalition Biden calls “the rest of us” is the same set of people who gave him his victory in 2020, a resounding popular vote majority that translated into a narrow Electoral College win (a shift of roughly 44,000 votes in three states would have resulted in an Electoral College tie, with Trump likely winning in the House of Representatives, where each state delegation would cast a vote).

To win reelection, Biden has to keep this coalition of “the rest of us” together. Since Biden is deeply unpopular, he’s decided to run a negative campaign focused on the genuine fear of Donald Trump, perhaps the most powerful glue holding together Biden’s coalition.

Biden’s low favorability numbers are traceable to the fact that significant parts of his coalition are dissatisfied with his policies. Many Biden voters feel he hasn’t done enough to fulfill promises on issues like student debt relief, that despite robust job growth the economy remains deeply unfair, or that the president’s foreign policy betrays his own stated principles of upholding human rights.

Biden’s pro-democracy message is strangely abstract and without substantive content, with democracy being defined merely as opposing dangerous autocrats such as Trump. In his Valley Forge speech, Biden said, “We’ll be voting on many issues: on the freedom to vote and have your vote counted, on the freedom of choice, the freedom to have a fair shot, the freedom from fear.” Nowhere does Biden specify how he’ll protect the freedom to vote (revitalizing the Voting Rights Act seems to be a dead letter), or how he’ll restore freedom of choice, when both the courts and many states are radically hostile to reproductive rights. Nor does Biden consider that the threat to voting rights and reproductive freedom comes not just from Trump but also—often more dangerously—from Republican jurists and lawmakers. And in decrying Trump and MAGA Republicans, Biden never considers that these dangerous reactionary forces are empowered by long-standing antidemocratic features of the Constitution such as the Electoral College.

Biden’s speech raises the fundamental question: What is the purpose of democracy? Is democracy worth cherishing simply as a set of principles and procedures? Or does democracy exist to actually advance the popular will? If the latter is true, what are we to make of the fact that on issues like student debt, reproductive freedom, and the need for a cease-fire in Gaza, the American political system thwarts what large majorities actually want?

Trump is a threat to democracy and deserves to be defeated for that reason. But he’s not the only threat to democracy, and he thrives in part because the American political system is trapped in gridlock and dysfunction. By framing the pro-democracy argument in narrow terms of simply defeating Trump, Biden is undermining the urgent task of defending and expanding democracy in a time of peril.