The Lenore Marshall Poetry Prize of $10,000, awarded annually for the most outstanding book of poems published in the United States by an American, is administered mutually by the Academy of American Poets and The Nation. The past decade’s winners have been Mark Jarman (1998), Robert Pinsky (1997), Charles Wright (1996), Marilyn Hacker (1995), W.S. Merwin (1994), Thom Gunn (1993), Adrienne Rich (1992), John Haines (1991), Michael Ryan (1990) and Thomas McGrath (1989).

This year the prize has been awarded to Wanda Coleman for her book Bathwater Wine (Black Sparrow). The judges were Marilyn Hacker, Rafael Campo and Toi Derricote. Works by other poets–Marie Ponsot, Arthur Sze, Alicia Ostriker, Rachel Hadas–whose books were selected as finalists by the judges, are noted by Hacker in the essay below.

too soon to quit, too late to cry    –Wanda Coleman, from Bathwater Wine

This year’s Lenore Marshall prize is being presented to a poet whose angry and extravagant music, so far beyond baroque, has been making itself heard across the divide between West Coast and East, establishment and margins, slams and seminars, across the too-American rift among races and genders (there are more than two of each) for two decades. Bathwater Wine is Wanda Coleman’s tenth book in nineteen years. She is a prolific poet whose gift is generous, unique and challenging, yet one whose work has not yet received the critical attention that its force, originality and scope have merited from the beginning. She is also, astoundingly, only the second writer of color (and the sixth woman) to receive the Lenore Marshall prize in the twenty-five years of its existence, despite its namesake’s passion for social justice and despite, more relevantly, the books of necessary and indelible poetry written and published by Americans of African, Caribbean, Latino, Asian and Native ancestry during this quarter-century. This jury is pleased, in citing Wanda Coleman, to thus also acknowledge the work Black Sparrow Press has done over several decades in publishing and promoting important poets out of the geographical or stylistic American mainstream.

Each successive Lenore Marshall jury has doubtless remarked, in print or in private, on the dislocating effect of reading, in the space of two and a half months, what was, in our case, 200 volumes of poetry, then re-reading with closer attention the twenty to thirty titles that clearly merited serious consideration. With minimal interim consultation (e-mail notwithstanding), a remarkably congruent list of titles emerged as our finalists: Besides Coleman’s Bathwater Wine, we are citing Marie Ponsot’s The Bird Catcher, Arthur Sze’s The Redshifting Web, Alicia Ostriker’s The Little Space and Rachel Hadas’s Halfway Down the Hall. Each has indubitable excellences: Coming to a decision on such an occasion only makes us wish that there were more prizes or, better yet, that contemporary poets had a readership, an audience attentive enough to make prizes entirely superfluous.

But for the three of us, the book that kept haunting our imaginations and demanding our attention was Bathwater Wine. Wanda Coleman, while staying firmly on her subject–a black girl’s Bildungsroman, a black woman’s transformations by and through passion and rage–displays a verbal virtuosity and stylistic range that explodes/expands the merely linear, the simply narrative, the straightforwardly lyric, into a verbal mandala whose colors and textures spin off the page. Coleman is a poet who excels in public presentations, one whose work moves freely between the academy and the popular renaissance of poetry-as-performance in bars and coffeehouses–but her poems do not require an audible voice or physical presence: They perform themselves.

Coleman is a quintessentially urban poet, and her cityscape is very specifically that of Los Angeles, one that Americans are more accustomed to finding in films and mystery novels than in poems. The book begins in the uncinematic working-class South Central of the poet’s childhood in the sequences “Dreamwalk” and “Disclosures,” whose tutelary genius is the poet’s father, a ring-damaged former boxer working the numbers and other hustles by day and as a “maintenance engineer” in an office building by night. He is at once larger than life with a mythic past:

At seventeen, Daddy hitched into town two jumps ahead of a noose as the century slumped into its thirties. liberated since the age of eight, his greatest gifts were rhythmic hands, stalwart eyes and major league lungs…

         …he learned to shadow the pre-war harbor ever wishful for his ship to dock, to graduate from apple tams to fedoras, from denim coveralls to pin-striped suits and wing-tips    (“Arrival by Sunrise”)

and defeated by “the headaches” that drove him out of the ring “into bed where he KO’d the pillows.” His numinous presence for his daughter is the counterweight to a too-dark, too-smart black girl’s isolation in the intricate social systems of elementary and junior high school, where, in narratives whose themes recall Gwendolyn Brooks and Audre Lorde, the voice and music are Coleman’s own. She’s scorned equally by the honey-colored belles and the suspicious white librarian, whose reappraisal comes too late for the suspicious, unforgiving child:

her gray eyes policed me thru the stacks like dobermans she watched me come and go, take books and bring books she monitored the titles and after a while decided she’d misjudged her little colored girl and for a time she tried to apologize in her way. to engage in small talk. i never answered back. once, she set special books aside to gain my trust respect smile i left them untouched

hating her the more for that    (“Chapter 2 of the Story”)

(Much later in the book comes a narrative about an adult cousin, a minister, who finds the child Coleman reading Marx or Nietzsche in his study, “tests” her on what she’s read, and then tells her since she’s so bright she’ll understand that she is never to touch his books again–which has an ironic resonance with the white librarian’s story–and the cousin doesn’t relent.)

In Coleman’s work, racial and gender issues are made more complex by the particular and peculiar geography and iconography of urban Southern California: the all-night diner and the all-night laundromat, O.D.’s Barber Shop, the “Chevy graveyard,” a painting of which provokes a pungent lyric of erotic recollection. Cars play vivid roles in her poems, as much a part of the cast of characters as they are of the landscape: “Mustang Sally,” “the ebony-tinged calf-skinned back seat/of Kelly’s customized black Cadillac coupe,” “Mama’s maroon ’64 Ambassador,” “my baby is in the back seat of the old Rambler/station wagon.” In “Closing Time,” the ritual dawn meeting of woman and car is the occasion for a vivid evocation of the speaker, a drive-in waitress, and her situation:

at Trinity & Santa Barbara the last clunker on the blacktop is mine …it’s so clear. so desert cold. my thoughts steam up the plate glass as i slide the grid of bars in place, maroon lips tighten to my teeth … i’m slim just now. my jeans skirt is short and night bites thru the nylon to my bones. my knuckles are raw from washings of countertops, my fists jammed against the linings of my empty denim pockets scrounging warmth, clutch bag tucked firm at my armpit

Reading through Bathwater Wine I get the sense of a chorus of Afro-Angeleno Trojan women speaking these poems, with different voices picking up the recitatif: the aforementioned waitress, the woman suffering a half-desired miscarriage in “Sociopolitical Abuse (2),” the cynical older cousin aiding her younger cousin in a misguided manhunt (in cars again) in “delphi’s tale,” the mother whose delinquent son stole the loaded gun from beneath shoe boxes in her closet in “Unfinished Ghost Story (7),” the pregnant and restless young wife of “Dominoes,” the witness to a Central Avenue cops-and-gangstas shootout in “Dream 1225.” There’s also a woman wryly but deeply appreciative of the sweetness of quotidian eroticism in and out of bed, conjugal love still highly spiced, in an LA garden apartment (“Marriage by Capture”), in yet another car at a drive-in movie (“The Broken Car Window”), in an inner-city laundromat (“mini soap opera”), in a junk/antique shop (“The Ron Narrative Reconstructions”).

The lively center of Bathwater Wine is a sequence of sixty “More American Sonnets,” irregularly metered, sometimes rhymed fourteen-liners that encapsulate the book’s themes, and from which the longer sequences preceding and following seem to radiate. Here Coleman also pays homage to other poets, contemporary and canonical, sometimes wryly, sometimes with the larger-than-life extravagance that characterizes all her work: E. Ethelbert Miller, Amiri Baraka, Allen Ginsberg, Michelle Clinton, Sesshu Foster, receive tips of her (velvet, feathered) hat, as do Blake, Brecht, Elinor Wylie, Vallejo and the too-often overlooked Henri Coulette. While the voice of these sonnets is the poet’s rather than that of an invented persona, the range of tone and discourse she employs is operatic, from slangy to matter-of-fact to improvisationally surreal:

“you’re a good man, sistuh,” a lover sighed solongago. “keep your oil slick and your motor running.    (#35)

and sometimes when i feel the first ache of new menses weeping for my children blues me over.    (#58)

blueprinted here in the sizzling breath of righteous black ink, swaggers the sweaty kingfish, sliding between grooves of crocodile blues, eluding the pungent crypt reserved for eloquent dabblers in nose candy…    (#73)

my recalcitrant darling, what do i mean about you? arms unraveling becoming independent again….    (#75)

here comes dat nasty music again that atmospheric ash twenty-dollar tips & a whiff of tar-tainted denim    (#83)

Demotic, idiosyncratic, at once celebratory and embittered, Coleman’s poems are not always easy or reassuring reading. But the generosity of their larger-than-life extravagance, their careful tempering of self-mockery, their elastic balance of overstatement and control, make them a continual, renewable reward. Marilyn Hacker

More American Sonnets #51

in my last incarnation i inoculated myself with oodles of dago red and stumbled into fame without falling. i worshipped in the temple of Lady Day and took Coltrane as my wizard. i always wore my mink coat to the Laundromat and drank pale champagne with my

soft-boiled eggs. i believed King Kong got a raw deal. i believed great and prolonged sex cured cancer. i believed in the afterdeath. i was liberator of cough-and-gaggers from the cages of their spew. i scavenged rusted auto parts, built a niggah machine, loaded it with atomic amour and

wiped out all purveyors of poverty…swapped my pink pearl for a black sapphire. and then one quincentennial i rose from the magnificent effluvium of my jazz to discover my children did not know me Wanda Coleman