Traders work on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange on January 31, 2022, in New York City. After a volatile week, the Dow Jones Industrial Average was down slightly in morning trading. (Spencer Platt / Getty Images)
This story originally appeared in The Guardian and is part of Covering Climate Now, a global journalism collaboration strengthening coverage of the climate story.
The influential right-wing lobby group the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC) is driving a surge in new state laws to block boycotts of the oil industry. The group’s strategy, which aims to protect large oil firms and other conservative-friendly industries, is modeled on legislation to punish divestment from Israel.
Since the beginning of the year, state legislatures in West Virginia, Oklahoma, and Indiana have introduced a version of a law drafted by ALEC, called the Energy Discrimination Elimination Act, to shield Big Oil from share selloffs and other measures intended to protest the fossil fuel industry’s role in the climate crisis. A dozen other states have publicly supported the intent of the legislation.
Texas has already begun compiling a list of companies to target for refusing to do business with the oil industry after the state passed a version of the law last year. Top of the list is the world’s largest asset manager, BlackRock.
The push to blacklist firms that boycott the oil industry follows a meeting in December between politicians and ALEC, a corporate-funded organization that writes legislation for Republican-controlled states to adopt and drive conservative causes.
At that meeting in San Diego, members of ALEC’S energy task force voted to promote the model legislation requiring banks and financial companies to sign a pledge to not boycott petroleum companies in order to obtain state contracts. The wording closely resembles that of laws drafted by ALEC and adopted in more than 30 states to block support for the Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions (BDS) movement against Israel’s oppression of the Palestinians.
Similar laws are also being promoted to protect the gun industry from boycotts.
The legislation written by ALEC, which has a history of extreme denial of the climate crisis, claims that “American and European fossil energy producers…are among the most socially and environmentally responsible companies in the world.” It laments that “corporations are boycotting fossil energy companies by refusing to provide them with products or services,” and says that share selloffs by financial funds hurt investors.
“Banks are increasingly denying financing to creditworthy fossil energy companies solely for the purpose of decarbonizing their lending portfolios and marketing their environmental credentials,” the draft legislation says.
“This model bill proposes a strategy in which states use their collective economic purchasing power to counter the rise of politically motivated and discriminatory investing practices.”
The drive to pass the legislation follows the refusal of major financial firms to fund new oil and gas drilling in the Arctic. Banks and other financial institutions are also under pressure from environmental groups and customers to divest from fossil fuel companies. JPMorgan Chase, Citibank, and Goldman Sachs are among those firms to publicly commit to supporting the transition away from oil.
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As with anti-BDS laws, any business with more than 10 employees would have to certify that it is not boycotting fossil fuel companies in order to do business with a state government. State funds, such as pensions, will usually be obliged to sell investments in corporations that refuse loans to the oil industry.
ALEC’s push comes after the Texas legislature passed a version of the law in June 2021.
That legislation was backed by the Texas Public Policy Foundation, an active member of ALEC that is funded in part by Koch Industries, which accused Wall Street firms of “colluding in a coordinated attack against Texas and our way of life” by denying capital to oil firms.
TPPF, which has several members also working inside ALEC and maintains close ties to Senator Ted Cruz and rightwing former Texas governor Rick Perry, then pushed for the law to be adopted by other states.
Jason Isaac, a former Texas state legislator who now heads TPPF’s initiative to defend the oil industry, sent a memo to participants in the ALEC meeting in San Diego in which he criticized “woke” banks and other financial institutions he accused of “colluding to deny lending and investment in fossil fuel companies.”
“The following model policy is based on anti-BDS legislation supported by ALEC regarding Israel and was recently passed in Texas to include discrimination against fossil fuels. Voting for this model policy, and encouraging more state legislatures to adopt it, will send a strong message that the states will fight back against woke capitalism,” the memo said, which was obtained by Alex Kotch of the Center for Media and Democracy.
In January, Texas Lieutenant Governor Dan Patrick asked the state comptroller to put BlackRock, which manages an estimated $10 trillion worth of assets, at the top of its list of blacklisted companies because he said its pledge to work toward decarbonizing the energy sector “will destroy the oil and gas industry and destabilize the economy worldwide.”
Patrick accused BlackRock chairman and CEO Larry Fink and his executives of making reassuring statements in private, saying the company “was committed to Texas and Texas’s vast energy footprint,” but taking a different position in public by pledging to pressure energy firms to work toward net zero.
“Therefore, BlackRock is boycotting energy companies by basing investment decisions on whether a company pledges to meet BlackRock’s ‘net zero’ goals,” Patrick wrote.
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BlackRock, which stands to lose about $20 billion in Texas public sector pension funds, in fact remains a significant shareholder in oil and gas companies through index funds.
“BlackRock does not boycott energy companies,” it said in a statement to The Guardian. “We do not pursue divestment from oil and gas companies as a policy. We expect to continue to be invested in these companies and will work with them as they drive the energy transition to maximize long-term value for our clients. Our primary concern with the law is the potential negative consequences it could have on current and future Texas pensioners.”
The anti-BDS legislation has faced legal challenges after residents of Dickinson, Tex., were required to sign pledges not to boycott Israel in order to receive hurricane damage relief and a teacher in Kansas was told she had to do the same to keep her job.
Several states were forced to amend anti-BDS laws to restrict it to larger companies after courts ruled that requiring individuals to sign pledges not to boycott Israel intruded on free speech rights.
Chris McGrealChris McGreal writes for Guardian US and is a former Guardian correspondent in Washington, Johannesburg, and Jerusalem. He is the author of American Overdose: The Opioid Tragedy in Three Acts.