Here’s some good news: Vaccines work. I don’t believe many people think about what life was like before vaccines existed for many commonly preventable viruses. We’re not talking about the Middle Ages—we’re talking about the 20th century, when diseases like polio struck fear into Americans from coast to coast.

My father contracted polio when he was a child. My mother-in-law did, too. Only a few decades ago, it was common for cities to close schools, churches, public pools, and movie theaters when the virus was in town.

Of course, we don’t have to go that far back to remember that kind of panic and anxiety. Recall the first few weeks of the Covid pandemic, and you can get a sense of what life was like in the pre-vaccine era.

But vaccines don’t save lives on their own. Vaccinations do. People have to actually get the vaccine for the magic—OK, the biology—to happen. And we need as many vaccinations as possible to make sure we can protect even those who may not be vaccinated by the virtue of herd immunity, in which we cut off chains of transmission in our communities.

Now, some more good news: You can make a difference right now. It’s the start of respiratory virus season, and we have vaccines for the biggest enemies facing us this fall and winter: Covid, flu, and RSV (respiratory syncytial virus). Everyone should get their Covid and flu vaccines by the end of October—you don’t want to wait too long, as it takes a few weeks for the vaccines to kick in. You’ll reduce your odds of getting sick or ending up in the hospital, and you’ll protect those around you at the same time.

Older people should consider getting the RSV vaccine, and as infants are at risk, people in weeks 32 through 36 of their pregnancy should consider it as well.

And the good news keeps on coming. While you’re getting up-to-date on your seasonal vaccines—Covid and flu—it’s a good time to make sure you’re up-to-date on the rest of your immunizations. If you haven’t had your T-DAP booster in the past 10 years, you should get that, too. No one wants tetanus from a rusty nail, after all.

There are other vaccines you should consider, depending on your circumstances. The CDC has a handy “Recommended Vaccines for Adults” guide to help you make sense of it all—though it’s equally important that your kids get their shots as well. (We don’t need to see more outbreaks of measles and mumps in the 21st century.)

Why talk about this? Because this particular fight is never over. In the 2022–23 flu season, infections led to an estimated 14 million medical visits, 360,000 hospitalizations, and 21,000 deaths. Yet on average during the same flu season, less than 50 percent of adults got the shot, with immunization rates below 40 percent in Idaho, Mississippi, Nevada, Texas, and Wyoming. Think about how many lives could have been spared if more people had been vaccinated.

Covid is also not going anywhere. We had a wave this summer and will likely have another this winter. If we didn’t get it ourselves, most of us know friends, family, or colleagues who have had it recently.